1	“Troubleshooting Wells: Pumps, Pump Placement, Repairs, and Everyday Solutions to Well Problems”
2	Eight Scenarios for Wells Scenarios Relative casing depth Relative well depth Relative well yield Problems with each scenario Scenario for screened wells
3	Hypothetical Well # 1 Moderate casing depth Several small fractures in lower half of well Pump 30 feet above bottom
4	Hypothetical Well # 1 Unless the well is pumped at a high rate, there may be a dead zone at the top of the well Excessive pumping may cause cascading water and oxygenate the water if yield is low Grit may be washed down walls of well
5	Hypothetical Well # 2 Moderate casing depth Large fracture near bottom of well Pump 20 feet above bottom
6	Hypothetical Well # 2 Pump placement will create dead zone at top of well Rockcuttings and grit will flow from large fracture into pump intake
7	Hypothetical Well # 3 Shallow casing depth Small fractures near bottom of casing Pump at 2/3 depth of well
8	Hypothetical Well # 3 Pump placement will create dead zone at bottom of the well. Low yield in shallow zone will cause cascading water and oxygenate the water Grit may be washed down walls of well
9	Hypothetical Well # 4 Moderate casing depth Large fracture near bottom of casing Pump 50 feet above bottom
10	Hypothetical Well # 4 Unless the well is pumped at a high rate, there will be a dead zone at the top of the well. Bottom of well is also a dead zone Rockcuttings and grit will flow from large fracture into pump intake
11	Hypothetical Well # 5 Shallow casing depth Small weak fracture near bottom of well Pump 10 feet above bottom
12	Hypothetical Well # 5 Proper “exercise” of well will prevent dead zone in middle of well Water movement up and down walls may create a grit problem
13	Hypothetical Well # 6 Deep casing depth Large fracture near bottom of well Pump at ½ depth of well This is similar to the scenario for screened wells
14	Hypothetical Well # 6 High placement of pump provides movement of water Pump placement in casing prevents occurrence of grit
15	Hypothetical Well # 7 Shallow casing depth Small weak fracture near bottom of casing Pump 10 feet above bottom
16	Hypothetical Well # 7 Very weak shallow production zone will cause cascading water and oxygenate the water Grit may be washed down walls of well
17	Hypothetical Well # 8 Moderate casing depth Small weak fracture near bottom of casing Two small fractures near bottom of well Pump at 2/3 depth of well
18	Hypothetical Well # 8 Excessive pumping of well will cause cascading water at top of well. Pump placement may not use deeper production zones. Also, shallow and deep zones will probably have different quality water Grit may be washed down walls of well
19	The Pump System Typical residential submersible motors rated at .5 - 1.5 HP Pump has GPM rating of 5, 7, 10, 18, 22 230v or 115v motors Additional impellers or HP adds to cost ($150-300)
20	Basic System Operation A private well system is made up of 3 basic components: 1. The pump provides the water under pressure from the well.
21	Basic System Operation (cont’d) 2. The pressure switch starts and stops the pump. It is to be located next to the bladder tank. The pressure switch is adjustable and comes from the factory set 20/40, 30/50, or 40/60.
22	Basic System Operation (cont’d) Tall adjusts cut-out Short adjusts pressure range
23	Basic System Operation (cont’d) 3. The pressure storage tank protects and extends the life of the pump, provides water under pressure when the pump is off, and assists the pump and system to meet peak demand.
24	"John Nykamp" John Nykamp, R.S. Environmental Health Program Specialist Guilford County Public Health Department 400 W. Market St Greensboro, N.C. 27401 (336)641-4807 (336)641-7613 FAX (336)641-3730 jnykamp@co.guilford.nc.us Well Contractor Certification Commissioner http://www.ncwelldriller.org/